Decision and accounting making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Choice and bookkeeping making - Essay Example From the underneath pay proclamation outline, Waldron’s deals have been rising nearly in all the four classifications of items that they bargain in. It is clear that Waldron has been encountering hugeness development according to the divisional synopsis report. Durafit has been hit with a few market difficulties including hardened rivalry from outside business sectors. This can be seen even with the most recent monetary report that shows Durafit’s deals drop from 1, 332 million euros in the year 2012 to 1,214 million euros in the year 2012; this spoke to a lessening of 9%. Durafit has been battling to come into the market as a functioning player yet there are a few issues that despite everything hold the division. The abatement in deals additionally observed Durafit record low overall revenue toward the year's end 2013 when contrasted with the year 2012. Durafit’s principle challenge is the idea of its items versus customers’ taste. Durafit required some investment in acclimating to present day development strategies which gave its significant rivals time to modify and vanquish the market with current structure procedures. The division’s net revenue was up by 1% when both 2012 and 2013 are thought about. This is one of the Waldron’s divisions that give the organization an enthusiasm to proceed in business. With its temperament of activities, Contracts one after another accomplished destruction in the U.K advertise which represented a danger in achieving its benefits. With opening of its branch outside the U.K and finishing of significant ventures in front of calendar, Contracts has won the trust of significant customers and has truly profited by this. Contracts’ deals improved extraordinarily from 1,949 million euros to 1,214 million euros in the year 2012 to 2013 individually; this spoke to a 12% expansion. Net revenue was additionally up from half to 54%. This was because of opening up for new markets outside the U.K which saw its business increment because of increasingly delicate being granted to the division. In contrast to different divisions, first class is one of the

How to Write a Narrative Paper

How to Write a Narrative PaperHow to write a narrative paper is the main question on the minds of most people in this country. It is true that writing a paper is one of the most difficult tasks you can do. However, it is worth taking a little bit of time and effort to get it right. This is especially true when you are working on an exam and try to get a high grade.The first thing you need to do is to understand how the technique of writing works. All those writers who write without following a pattern usually have some kind of an idea about how to write a paper. However, the question is whether you will apply this theory in your paper or not.You have to understand the different kinds of patterns that you can use when writing. You can use an essay as the first level of your paper but you can also use a narrative structure for the second level. This is where you will show the skills of outlining and preparing for your paper.You can determine the degree of success with this type of writ ing by assessing your skills and ability. Once you understand how to use the whole process correctly then you will start getting results. You will notice that a good experience with this technique will give you a higher grade than if you did not do it. You will be able to combine the two techniques together in order to get better results in your essay.You can also find some information about these techniques from online sources. There are many courses available that offer help with the basics. You can choose one that is suitable for you can opt for the online courses. Either way, you will be able to find the information you need to understand how to write a narrative paper.Whenyou understand how to write a narrative paper, you will be able to give an insight into how to structure a paper. Once you understand how to follow a particular pattern then you will be able to show some flair and creativity in your papers. You will be able to move towards something bigger and more interesting . This will also lead to better grades.It is important to note that you can learn some new skills while you are working on your paper. This is especially true for those students who prefer a more formal approach. You can use some of the techniques taught by some of the authors to make your papers more interesting. You will also have the opportunity to put some of your own ideas to the papers.You can work on your writing skills to improve your papers while you are doing the other aspects of your college life. When you take time out to work on your paper, you will be more likely to actually focus on the important parts of your academic experience. This will benefit both you and your studies.

Compassion and Media Representations of Suffering Essay

Sympathy and Media Representations of Suffering - Essay Example Sympathy Cultivation The choice on how these pictures will be utilized and how a story will be advised are left to the choice of the writers and the editors. These choices are affected by various variables which incorporate social gauges of the essential crowd and the desires for publicists. The finished result is quite often equipped towards what will be justified as intriguing by more individuals so as to pull in more promoters. Media produce materials that bring out empathy since sympathy is the thing that calls crowd consideration. Media positions the crowd from a spectator’s perspective, an aloof crowd that is feeble with regards to the accomplishing something against the sufferings of survivors of catastrophic events and artificial wrongdoings. To build up a progressively close connection between the news content and the crowd, media utilize individual stories that are profoundly centered around the regular folks. Their misfortunes are featured, their tears take the spot s of real body check and political examination. By putting taking care of the crowd the enduring of individuals who should be honesty and the way that crowd can't successfully intervene the affliction, the media makes removed misery. The crowd are being adapted to contemplate the state of outsiders a great many miles away. This structure of removed enduring has been ground-breaking to the point that it has associated governmental issues, crowd, and non-benefit associations towards one reason. The development of innovation has managed more news associations and even customary residents to get to and circulate news and other data. The web has likewise extended the principles on the degree of enduring one may appear. All the more significantly, this consistent progression of data on enduring has elevated the audience’s sympathy due to the support of the way that they are at last frail to change to anything and even with the benefit of knowing and watching, they can't do anything . The crowd isn't any longer permitted to confine themselves from the destiny of others or take asylum in numbness since they are never sheltered from the data. Empathy Fatigue Moeller (1999) accepts that this equation is likewise the reason for sympathy exhaustion. The ceaseless drive to increase feeling and light enthusiasm from the crowd is bargaining the very substance of reporting. News-casting should maintain certainties and realities without preferring any side. News coverage is about data scattering. These assume a substandard position over gainfulness. As media organizations battle for crowd, they keep on upping the ante on how they present their accounts without intersection the legitimate limits. Subsequently, the media organizations resort to melodrama. The outcome is the consistently developing worry on the exactness of data that the crowd gets and the best possible feeling that news should bring out. Chouliaraki (2006) talked about how experience news typifies this cir cumstance. She referenced three basic recent developments: shootings in Indonesia, a pontoon mishap in India and ‘biblical floods’ in Bangladesh. These were given close to one moment of broadcast appointment. Significant data was likewise not referenced in the ‘breaking news’ partition and was not introduced in the best possible setting of the occasion. This treatment results to an absence of structure for the crowd to comprehend the heaviness of the occasion. Th

The Tragedy Of The West Coast Earthquake - 1302 Words

West Coast Earthquake The west coast can be split in half! There is no doubt that the west coast is aware of the monstrous earthquake that will happen in the near future, but unfortunately as a community we are not prepared for what is yet to come. California is right in the middle of the San Andreas fault line, therefore the whole state will be hugely affected by the upcoming earthquake. Thus, making it important for the state to prepare what is coming ahead. As a citizen of California, it is essential to know how to mentally and physically to be prepare for the earthquake and how to adapt afterwards, in order to succeed for the aftermath of the natural disaster, and not fail alike the failures of Hurricane Katrina. As united citizens, we must be prepare for the upcoming earthquake as a global community in order to prevent disorganization and control, such as Hurricane Katrina displayed, to rebuild as quickly and successfully as possible as a nation. For the upcoming earthquake we will not repeat the lack of communication and disorganization our government made when Hurricane Katrina struck the southeast because our nation will learn from the past. One of the problem was the government and public administrators lack of communication and response to the natural disaster. According to Eikenberry et. al, after the hurricane struck, Louisiana’s largest community foundation, Baton Rouge Area Foundation, spent 24 hopeless hours trying to contact state federals forShow MoreRelatedThe Disaster Of A Earthquake1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe year 2010 was an active year for earthquakes and other natural disasters, racking up a total of four earthquakes ranked 7.0 or higher. Two of these quakes were merely a month apart, and started the year in a very destructive way. The first was a 7.0 in Haiti, the second over 3,000 miles away in Chile, an 8.8. Though both ravaged their countries, one was decidedly more devastating than the other . Looking at the magnitudes of the quakes, you might think Chile received the worst of it, but afterRead MoreHaiti, Japan, And Taiwan1558 Words   |  7 Pagesunexpected major earthquakes strike them and demolish there land. But what is an earthquake? An earthquake is the movement of earth’s tectonic plates. They happen because a mass energy causes the constantly moving tectonic plates to pass one another in either a transform, convergent or divergent movement, after a long period of time pushing against each other. They usually occur in cities located on the border of the tectonic plates like California, British Columbia (west coast) and Japan. DependingRead MoreDevastating Tsunami in Thailand1750 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake along the Indian-Australian seduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east t o west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyedRead MoreEssay on The Epicenter of an Earthquake970 Words   |  4 PagesEarthquakes can devastate a city. They are a force of nature that can destroy any structure. The earth is made up of moving tectonic plates. Earthquakes occur along or near tectonic plate boundaries where two plates meet. These plates are solid rock and sit on the mantle which is a layer of molten rock. This molten rock is constantly moving in a convection current. The earth’s core is what generates the heat. The hotter rock rises away from the core and pushes up against the crust. Here it coolsRead MoreHazards Research Assignment : Haiti Earthquake And Landslide723 Words   |  3 PagesGeomorphic Hazards research assignment 2010 Haiti Earthquake and landslide By: Yashas Narayan Teacher: Ms Bilton Due Date: Monday 11th September 2017 Week 9, Term 3 Subject: Geography Task description: Geomorphic Hazards 2010 Haiti earthquake and landslide What is an earthquake? An earthquake would be classified as a sudden ferocious shaking of the ground, typically causing great obliteration because of manoeuvre within the earth’s crust orRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Natural Disasters526 Words   |  3 Pageshas been seen happening all around the world. Tragedies of towns getting torn apart were reported as well as the occurrence of many deaths, disabilities and shelter damage. People have been losing relatives, friends, shelter and property. Even though these disasters cannot be stopped from occurring, recognizing their danger and their effects is essential. Natural disasters may occur in many different forms including but not limited to floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. There are a varietyRead MoreEarthquakes And Its Effects On Natural Disasters1756 Words   |  8 PagesEarthquakes are one of the most dangerous and life threatening natural disasters known to mankind. Earthquakes can happen at any time and anywhere without warning. There are many earthquakes that happen every day with only minor tremors that are not felt by humans. However, there are some earthquakes big and strong enough to cause damage at very high levels. Earthquakes have a very long history of destruction. The Earth’s crust is filled with slowly moving plates. These plates are in constantRead MoreThe Great Chilean Earthquake : An Earthquake1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Chilean Earthquake An earthquake is the shaking of the earth by seismic waves radiating away from the disturbance, most commonly fault movement. The great Chilean earthquakes origin was of the coast of Chile at a subduction zone, referred to as a hot spot for seismic activity. A subduction zone is a region on the crust of the earth where two tectonics plate meet one another. The area where the two plates meet is called a plate boundary. When two plates meet at a subduction zone, they convergeRead MoreMt. St. Helen1383 Words   |  6 Pages1,300 feet off the highest point of the volcano, sending shockwaves and pyroclastic streams over the encompassing scene, leveling backwoods, softening snow and ice, and creating monstrous mudflows. Fifty-seven individuals lost their lives in the tragedy (Grisham). Mt. St. Helen s was arguably a frontrunner amongst the most beautiful stratovolcanoes in the Cascade Range before its historic eruption on that fateful day in history. The emission formed a huge sidelong impact that crushed the northernRead MoreEarthquakes Disasters Caused By Earthquakes1564 Words   |  7 PagesEarthquakes are an unfortunate consequence of, well, living on earth. While other hazards such as volcanos, tornados, floods, and wild fires all have clear visual indications that allow for us humans to get away from them, earthquakes are much more insidious than the aforementioned disasters because they have no such indicator and the damage they inflict is near instantaneous. Luckily for us humans, seismologists have spent a good portion of the 20th century finding out why earthquakes occur, how

Female Oppression Of The Renaissance Essay - 2177 Words

Women in Renaissance Italy faced rigid societal standards to which they were supposed to conform. They lived public lives, directed almost exclusively by other people in regards to significant decisions. However, this does not mean that a rise above the oppressive nature of the Renaissance was impossible. Several exceptional women were able to challenge their given positions in a society through their education, practices, seclusion, beauty, and roles. In an examination of several positions, through the Exhortations to Women and to Others If They Please by Lucrezia Marinella and the letters of Laura Cereta, a Renaissance feminist, women can be seen as accepting of their position in society or rebelling against it. Their lives and prescriptive writings show how one can either follow the role given to them or exceed beyond it and become an exceptional woman. An understanding of the educational background of women is necessary in discovering the female oppression of the Renaissance. Education was more than an issue of gender, especially in consideration of the consequences of wealth as well. Yet their oppression stems from their decision in whether or not they should study the liberal arts. Often was the case that women faced social stigmas and societal pressures from family members and learned men of the society for turning away from typically female activities. Lucrezia Marinella writes in her Exhortation, â€Å"Therefore, she who devotes her mind to learning – a domain that doesShow MoreRelatedFemale Humanists in Renaissance Italy Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesFemale Humanists in Renaissance Italy Arcangela Tarabotti like many young girls in Renaissance Italy had parents who could not afford a sufficient dowry to purchase their daughter a good marriage. In order to protect their honor and her virginity they sent Tarabotti away to a convent against her will. Here she lived out the rest of her unhappy life as a nun. What sets her apart from other girls of similar circumstance is that she became one of the few female humanist writers#. The story of TarabottiRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Harlem Renaissance represents the rebirth and flowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, dramaRead MoreThe Oppression Of Women In Shakespeare And Bram Stokers Dracula1073 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare and Bram Stoker write suppression and madness into their female characters who represent the condition of women during their time. Ophelia from Hamlet and Lucy from Dracula are a symbol for all women from both the Renaissance and Victorian era and their actions portray the suppression of the patriarchal system. Throughout the whole play, Ophelia and Lucy walk down the same path as both of them get oppressed by their families and go through an extreme character development while expressingRead MoreBlack Lives During The Harlem Renaissance1373 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Lives During the Harlem Renaissance New Negro Movement, the elegant roaring times of the Billie Holidays’, Dorothy Wests’, and the Augusta Savages’. The rebirth of African American arts, took place in Harlem, New York in the early 1920’s. The New Negro Movement was utilized to describe African American as artistic, conscious, sophisticated. The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans who began to move from the rural southern parts of the United States to the NortheastRead MoreThe African American Perspective Throughout The Harlem Renaissance1383 Words   |  6 Pages The African American Perspective Throughout the Harlem Renaissance African Americans had to push very hard to be seen and noticed. The Harlem Renaissance was a time where they created beautiful works of art to express the strength that they had. Zora Neale Hurston, author of How It Feels to Be Colored Me, expresses the importance of white people seeing and understanding African American’s pride and history. Augusta Savage creates the sculpture Gamin as a symbol for all African Americans. WithinRead MoreKhaled Hosseini And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1792 Words   |  8 Pagesevolution of cultures and communities, the idea of male dominance was undoubtedly amended; this is where humanity divides uncovering the struggle between the oppression of women and the precedence that has been set forth for centuries. Khaled Hosseini and Nathaniel Hawthorne both comment on this societal disconnect in their domestic narrations of female characters. In Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns the character Mariam depicts a women who endur es rape, abuse, and imprisonment in her own home underRead MoreEssay on The Poetry in Harlem Renaissance1981 Words   |  8 PagesMany assume that Blues and Jazz were the only musical influences that impacted the Harlem Renaissance. Indeed, with the pursuit for heritage and identity, many aspects of African culture influenced Renaissance poetry musically. However, focus also needs to be placed on more controversial topics, such as religion and gender, as poets challenged oppression. When discussing the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, due to the strength of their relationship, one must look at Blues and Jazz. Many viewedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Period Of Ethnic Rebirth1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a period of ethnic rebirth in the streets of Harlem, New York that changed the way people viewed black culture and their art. During the Great Migration, hundreds of African Americans packed their bags and moved north in search of a better life. There, they were given the chance to express themselves through their music and literature. New artists, musicians, and writers emerged from the city. Musicians like Duke Ellington and Billie Holiday performed in clubs, showcasingRead MoreThe President Of The United States Of America Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pages(Dictionary.com n.d.) has been around for as long as we have known. This particular essay pertains to the field of psychology where the accomplishments of important female individuals where overshadowed by those of their male peers. In fact, when reading a typical scholar psychological textbook, it seems that male figures are more prominent than female ones. However, many facts about psychology were discovered and developed by women. Maybe, if it weren’t for the men in their lives, they would have gained moreRead MoreFeminism in Hamlet1451 Words   |  6 Pagescentury literature specific to many of Shakespeare’s texts. Feminist Criticism is similar in content but is more specific and pertains to the â€Å"lens† through which a text is viewed or perceived. During the era of Shakespeare’s existence, many of his female characters and the plots surrounding them were considered antifeminist due to the role that the women played or even just because of how they were referred to within the text by him or other characters. Some assumptions that go along with the analysis

Research Supported Piaget s Theory Of Object Permanence

How well has research supported Piaget’s theory of object permanence? An object is a form of matter which continuously exists in time and space. This fact is known to adults, however, the question of whether infants share the concept of objects as temporally and spatially continuous has raised many contradictions across the field of cognitive and developmental psychology. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development (1954) states that the acquisition of object permanence—the recognition that objects do not cease to exist out of sight—begins in infancy at around the age of 8 to 9 months old, identified as stage four. Preceding that, infants are said to view objects without permanence and see them as â€Å"mere image[s] which re enters the void as soon as it vanishes, and emerges from it for no objective reason† (1954, p. 11). The development of object permanence, and ergo understanding that events occur in the world independently of one s own actions, signals the transition from the sensory motor stage to the next stage o f development, pre-operational. Investigations into the validity of Piaget’s theory on infant cognition have produced conflicting results (Wellman, Cross, Bartsch, Harris, 1986). Although numerous tests on object permanence acquisition have been conducted and accepted (see Gratch, 1975, for a review), a general consensus regarding the inaccuracy of the age of acquisition is also evident. Numerous research indicates object permanence being demonstratedShow MoreRelatedCrically Evaluate the Claim That Infants Have an Innate Knowledge of Object Properties. Use Evidence to Support Your Argument1597 Words   |  7 PagesCritically evaluate the claim that infants have an innate knowledge of object properties. Use evidence to support your arguments. Object properties have been systematically associated with the Piagetian approach of cognitive development and in particular the sensorimotor period. Until the 1970’s, Piaget’s influential stance that knowledge of object properties is only learned from around nine months old had not been questioned. However, due to more contemporary studies there have been claims thatRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development959 Words   |  4 PagesA Swiss philosopher by the name of Jean Piaget took an interest in in developmental psychology; specifically in children during infancy through pre-adolescence. This model developed by Piaget still has a modern-day relevancy. Contributions to Learning and Cognition Piaget made a considerable contribution to psychology with his studies of cognition; his main focus was on understanding the difference between children and adults. â€Å"Applying Piaget s theory of cognitive development to the educationRead MoreNature And Nurture : Is It Influenced By Life Experiences And The Environment1000 Words   |  4 Pagesvery important for the development. These links are supported through repetition that happened in everyday actions , which then activates the brain cell network. However all the connection all supported by who the child spend there time with wheatear it the mother or the father. This meant that children environment and that people that they come in contact with have a important effect on the child development (Kaiser Permanente) Piagets theory look at the stages of on intellectual developmentRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Psychology956 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget (1896-1980) was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology during the 20th century. Piaget originally trained in the areas of biology and philosophy and considered himself a genetic epistemologist. He was mainly interested in the biological influences on how we come to know. He believed that what distinguishes human beings from other animals is our ability to do abstract symbolic reasoning. Piaget s views are often compared with those of LevRead MoreEssay about Developing and Learning - Piagets and Vygotskys Theories1893 Words   |  8 Pagesthe writer will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky. To begin, the writer will discuss Piagets theory of cognitive development, followed by Vygotskys theory of cognitive development. The writer will then discuss any implications of Piagets and Vygotskys models for teaching and learning in the school years. In order to do this she will compare the two theories and look at any relevant evidence and research. After comparing both theories of cognitive development, the writer willRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : An Introduction2958 Words   |  12 Pagesmain goals: to describe the behavior at each point in the person s development, and to identify the causal factors involved in producing changes in behavior (Vasta et al. 1998). Developmental psychology as a field has informed many other subfields of psychology as well including educational psychology, child psychopathology, and forensic developmental psychology. Developmental psychology also encompasses other fundamental research fields in psychology including social psychology, cognitive psychologyRead MoreVygotsky And Jean Piaget s Theories On Language Acquisition3023 Words   |  13 PagesWhen comparing the works of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, the simplest analogy w ould be nurture versus nature. According to the Lecture of Theories on Language Acquisition (2014), Piaget was a psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland who is very well known in the education field, especially for his Theory of Cognitive Development. He believes that as a child transitions through the stages of development, learning is internally directed due to a child’s natural inquisitiveness. A child isRead MoreThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children2841 Words   |  12 Pagesdetermine if a specific use of technology is age appropriate, individually appropriate, and culturally appropriate (2016). However, research in the field suggests that teachers are not always in agreement as to what is developmentally appropriate. ?Technology use is becoming common among California schools, and thanks to the California Department of Education?s technology plan many classrooms have desktop computers or laptops for the students to use (2014). Some classrooms have alreadyRead MoreThe Importance Of Discovering The Talent For Children1124 Words   |  5 Pageson the importance of discovering the talent each child has and ways to nurture the talent or creative the creative side. Art, music and dance are some common forms of creativity; however creative thought appears in almost all aspects of life. This research paper is written on how important creativity is and why is should be nurtured. I also included information on how creativity is valuable in the classroom, at home and also how it’s beneficial in the child’s future. Included are some ways we has teachersRead MoreChildren Who See Too Much1584 Words   |  7 Pagesit is described that there are three levels of exposure to violence. These are exposure to media violence, community violence, and violence in the home. The media has been speculated enormous times as the main cause of violence in society. Various research has been conducted to prove this hypothesis. The one study that stood out to me is the longitudinal study conducted in Canada in the 1970s, in this study, the level of aggression was compared among two towns. One town with no access to television

Big Data in Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Big Data in Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction According to Dumbill (2013), a supply chain is a complex and dynamic network of the supply and demand. On the other hand, researchers Marz and Warren (2015) define the term supply chain as that particular system of operational activities, resources, data sets and organizations that facilitate the transportation of any service or product from the production facility to the customer At present, Amazon is considered as one of the largest cloud computing and electronic commerce US based multinational organizations. Headquartered in Seattle, in Washington, Amazon is not only considered as the largest internet retailers of the world but is also known widely for its well-managed supply chain and delivery systems. The following sections of the report would provide a detailed discussion of the manner in which Amazon utilizes big data tools in its supply chain process. The report would also shed light on the basic differences in between online and offline big data tools and the manner in which such tools might be chosen so as to gain optimized results. Big data: the differences between online and offline big data Researchers McAfee et al. (2012) define big data as the technical term that is used for depicting those large and complex volumes of information (both structure and unstructured), which are deemed unmanageable by traditional database systems. Thus, Big data can be considered as those initiatives and technologies that can be utilized for managing data sets far too diverse, massive and dynamic for conventional technologies. Researchers Wu et al. (2014) are of the opinion that Big data technologies can be categorized into two sections: Online Big data and Offline Big data. In the following section of the report, detailed discussions on these subdivisions would be provided: Online Big data: According to Chen, Chiang and Storey (2012) big data that is generated, managed, transformed and analyzed in real time, so as to support various ongoing operational activities and provide online services to users, is considered as online big data. Thus, online big data can be precisely described as the big data that is created and managed over the internet. Online Big data tools are characterized by the ability to generate new data sets, along with the production of dynamic outputs. Offline Big data: According to Chen, Mao, and Liu (2014) big data technologies that facilitate the analysis and management (needless to say transformation) of big data in batch processes are considered as Offline Big data technologies. One of the most remarkable characteristics of offline Big data is the fact that not only these technological tools lack the capability of generating new data sets but are also restricted the generation of static outputs like reports and dashboard updates. The differences between online and offline big data are: Sl. No Characteristics Offline Big Data Online Big Data 1. Mode of operation Offline, data managed in batch context (Lohr 2012). Over the internet 2. Capability of generating new data sets Not capable Capable 3 Nature of Output Static Dynamic 4. Application Latency Minimum latency, as the performance of the systems, must meet the end user expectations (Provost and Fawcett 2013). Slow response is accepted, as the outcomes of such applications are not directly utilized in the operational activities of the organization. 5 Examples Business intelligence tools, ETL applications, Data warehouses, etc NoSQL databases like MongoDB(Kim et al. 2014). Selecting the right Big Data application for achieving the desired outcomes It is a well-known fact that the Big data technologies that are currently available in the market typically belong to two categories: operational workloads that allow the real time interaction with data and analytical workloads that allow the complex analysis of business data in an offline mode (Gandomi and Haider 2015). Since making the correct choice of the big data application (for achieving the desired outcome) is one of the most difficult tasks associate with the incorporation of big data technologies within the operational infrastructure of an organization, a well- accepted strategy for doing the same has been outlined in the section below: Defining the problem in the appropriate manner Researchers Kaisler e al. (2013) are of the opinion that the very first step towards selecting the big data tool is to identify and define the problem that the business is currently experiencing, so as to make sure of the fact that Big Data technologies would indeed be capable of solving them. On the other hand, Demchenko et al. (2013) recommend that during his particular phase, the organizational heads should consider all the data silos that are available to them, irrespective of the significant extent some of them might appear to be typically resistant to any further analysis by any big data tool. Determine the outcomes and benefit of solving the problem Authors Chen, Chiang, and Storey (2012) are of the opinion that once the problem has been defined, it is important to identify the possible outcomes of solving the same. Researchers Marz and Warren (2015) on the other hand are of the opinion that ranking the expected benefits would also help in selecting the appropriate big data tool (that is, the tool that provides the majority of the highly the functionalities outcomes becomes the winner!). Defining the strategies for measuring the progress of the project According to Gandomi and Haider (2015), it is important to define the policies that would be utilized to measure the progress of the task (that is, finding solutions to business problems with the help of big data technologies). The identification of this strategy would facilitate the process of monitoring the functions of the selected big data tool. Considering the end users In the final phase of the selection process, it is important to identify the end users of the system and the functionalities that each of the big data technologies would provide to these users. Researchers Provost and Fawcett (2013) are of the opinion that big data technologies that are selected as a result of considerations made in step 2, 3 and 4 are more often than not found to be the most suitable ones. Big Data technologies Researchers Kim, Trimi and Chung (2014) have pointed out the following big data technologies that are currently available in the market: Predictive analytics: Those software and hardware that allow organizations to develop and deploy business models by analyzing the big data sources that are available to them are termed as predictive analytical tools (Kaisler et al. 2015). Databases: NoSQL databases used for storing graphs, documents, and key values. Search and discovery tools: Big data solutions also include tools that are capable of extracting information from large repositories of structure and unstructured data. Steam Analytics: Researchers Demchenko et al. (2013) are of the opinion that software tools capable of filtering, aggregating and analyzing big data coming from several online sources are termed as stream analytic tools and are to be considered as one of the most essential big data technologies. Data virtualization: According to Kim, Trimi and Chung (2014) data virtualization is defined as that particular technology that facilitates the delivery of information from several distributed sources, including big data sources supported by Hadoop, in real time frame. Business Impact of Big Data According to researchers Waller and Fawcett (2013), Big data technologies can be utilized to manage the core functionalities of any supply chain process, namely business planning and operation. The following section of the report provides a detailed discussion on how the utilization of big data technologies can benefit the above-mentioned functionalities. Business planning: Forecasting: According to Feki, Boughzala and Wamba (2016), each activity and element associated with the Supply Chain process generate huge volumes of data that can be utilized effectively by Big data tools so as to make accurate supply and demand forecasts. Marketing and sales intelligence: It is a well-known fact that order management applications and tools are quite useful in collecting large volumes of customer information. Appropriate big data technologies can be utilized to analyze these data sets, as a part of a customized market research, so as to as to identify the geographical regions or business domains in which business activities can be expanded (Sanders 2014). Operations: Crowdsourced package delivery systems have been one of the greatest contributions of big data technologies in supply chain management systems: this has primarily been because big data technologies allow the match between the available drivers and the delivery times requested by the customers (Erevelles, Fukawa and Swayne 2016). Operational efficiency: Big data technologies have made significant contributions in increasing the operational efficiency of supply chains. Operational activities, like that of monitoring the supply routes, capacity planning and responding to bottle neck situations in real time are some of the activities that can essentially be benefitted by the incorporation of Big data technologies (Waller and Fawcett 2013). Organizational Impact of Big Data Researchers Erevelles, Fukawa and Swayne (2016) are of the opinion that most retail organizations, the task of optimizing the retail and logistics chain are considered as one of the most difficult activities. However, the authors consider this very activity to be one of the greatest opportunities that can be taken for improving their services, all the while reducing their costs. In an attempt to grab the above mentioned opportunity, Amazon has introduced the concept of anticipatory shipping'- a method that allows the organization to start shipping even before the customer has placed the order (Whitmore 2014). In fact, in 2012, the enterprise had filed a patent application for the system, describing its functionalities as the method and system for anticipatory package shipping,and was awarded with the patent in the following year. Although the details of the said system (algorithm to be very precise) have not yet been revealed by the organization, the patent summary description of the same reveals it to be a system that allows the retailer to send packages to particular geographical regions, without any specific address. These particular attributes of the system have encouraged Leveling, Edelbrock and Otto (2014) to consider it as a significant improvement over traditional predictive analytical tools. The information available from the patent document indicates that Amazon utilizes the data available from the previous activities of a user to run the anticipatory shipping system (Cuthbertson, Furseth and Ezell 2015). These activities might include the time at which he/ she had logged in, the time that has been spent on reviewing the products available on the website, the links that have been clicked and the queries placed by the customer with the sales team. As for example, in case the local residents of Sydney order a lot of scarves in August, the local order fulfillment centers of the city would be stocked with scarves at this particular time of the year. However, the shipments would only be made when Amazon's shipping system receives the actual orders (and the delivery addresses) (Whitmore 2014). According to Leveling, Edelbrock and Otto (2014), the anticipatory shipping method demonstrates the finest manner in which Big Data technologies can be utilized in optimizing supply chain processes: in fact, the introduction of this particular system now allows Amazon to provide guaranteed 2-day deliveries, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. Conclusion Experts in the domain of information technology have often pointed out the fact that Big data and supply chain are a made for each other pair: partly due to the enormous amount of data generated by supply chain processes on a daily basis and partly due to the immense strength of Big data technologies in analyzing voluminous data and generating patterns from the same. The preceding sections of the report provide a detailed discussion on the big data technologies that are currently being utilized for the management of supply chain and logistics. The discussions provided in section 2 of the report sum up to the fact that, based on the mode in which the analysis of Big data collected from various sources is made, Big data technologies can be subdivided into two categories: online big data operating in real time domain and offline big data emphasizing on the batch processing of enterprise data. On the other hand, the discussions provided in section 3 of the report reveal that the selection of big data technologies to be utilized in an organization require to be made based on the benefits available to it. Section 4 and 5 of the report provide an in-depth discussion on the benefit of the utilization of Big data technologies in supply chain process. In the light of the discussions made in these sections, it can thus be concluded that the incorporation of Big Data technologies increases the efficiency of supply chain processes to a significant extent. References Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Chen, M., Mao, S. and Liu, Y., 2014. Big data: a survey.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), pp.171-209. Cuthbertson, R., Furseth, P.I. and Ezell, S.J., 2015. Amazon and Borders: From Sector Focus to Competence Focus. InInnovating in a Service-Driven Economy(pp. 130-144). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Demchenko, Y., Grosso, P., De Laat, C. and Membrey, P., 2013, May. Addressing big data issues in scientific data infrastructure. InCollaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 48-55). IEEE. Dumbill, E., 2013. Making sense of big data.Big Data,1(1), pp.1-2. Erevelles, S., Fukawa, N. and Swayne, L., 2016. Big Data consumer analytics and the transformation of marketing.Journal of Business Research,69(2), pp.897-904. Feki, M., Boughzala, I. and Wamba, S.F., 2016. Big Data Analytics-enabled Supply Chain Transformation: A Literature. Gandomi, A. and Haider, M., 2015. Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), pp.137-144. Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, J.A. and Money, W., 2013, January. Big data: issues and challenges moving forward. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 995-1004). IEEE. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector.Communications of the ACM,57(3), pp.78-85. Leveling, J., Edelbrock, M. and Otto, B., 2014, December. Big data analytics for supply chain management. In2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management(pp. 918-922). IEEE. Lohr, S., 2012. The age of big data.New York Times,11. Marz, N. and Warren, J., 2015.Big Data: Principles and best practices of scalable realtime data systems. Manning Publications Co.. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T.H., Patil, D.J. and Barton, D., 2012. Big data.The management revolution. Harvard Bus Rev,90(10), pp.61-67. Provost, F. and Fawcett, T., 2013. Data science and its relationship to big data and data-driven decision making.Big Data,1(1), pp.51-59. Sanders, N.R., 2014.Big Data Driven Supply Chain Management: A Framework for Implementing Analytics and Turning Information Into Intelligence. Pearson Education. Waller, M.A. and Fawcett, S.E., 2013. Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management.Journal of Business Logistics,34(2), pp.77-84. Whitmore, A., 2014. Could Information Technology Enable Efficient Central Economic Planning?.Available at SSRN 2524877. Wu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, G.Q. and Ding, W., 2014. Data mining with big data.IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,26(1), pp.97-107.